Goals for Bacteria in Pasteurized Milk
What should be our goal for level of bacteria in pasteurized waste milk for preweaned dairy calves? Zero? 100,000 cfu/ml?
In his presentation, "Calf Raising - A Systematic Approach to Health," Dr. Simon Peek (Univ. Wisc. School of Vet. Med.) listed several goals for bacterial quality control.
[Peek, Simon, "Calf Raising-A Systematic Approach to Health," proceedings of Calf Congress "Growing the Next Generation" December 4-5, 2014 RIT Inn and Conference Center, Rochester, NY, pp48-60.
These goals are:
Goals (cfu/ml)
Sample Total Bacterial Total Coliform Total E. coli
Type Count Count Count
Colostrum <100,000 <10,000 <1,000
Waste milk <500,000 <200,000 <1,000
Pasteurized <20,000 <1,000 <100
Waste Milk
Milk Replacer <10,000 <1,000 0
In my consulting practice I use somewhat more conservative goals that I have identified as associated with superior calf health.
They are (Leadley's on-farm goals):
Goals (cfu/ml)
Sample Total Bacterial Total Coliform Total E. coli
Type Count Count Count
Colostrum <50,000 <5,000 <500
Waste milk <500,000 <200,000 <1,000
to be pasteurized
Pasteurized <5,000 <500 0
Waste Milk
Milk Replacer <5,000 <500 0
Bottom Line?
If you do not monitor by bacteria culturing on a regular basis you are not managing this important variable affecting calf health [regardless of the goals].
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